các

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The Vietnamese word "các" is a versatile term primarily used as a modifier in front of nouns. Here’s a breakdown of its meanings, usage, and related aspects:

Basic Definition

1. Adjective: "các" means "every" or "all," indicating a general or inclusive sense when referring to multiple items or people.

Usage Instructions

• Use "các" before plural nouns to express the idea of "all kinds of" or "every one of."
• It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Examples

1. Basic Usage:

   • "các loại trái cây" means "all types of fruits" or "every kind of fruit."
   • "các bạn" means "all of you" or "every one of you."

2. Phrase Example:

   • "Có rất nhiều các món ăn ở đây." translates to "There are many different dishes here."

Advanced Usage

• In more complex sentences, "các" can be used to emphasize the diversity or variety of the subjects being described.
  • Example: "Các người bạn của tôi đến từ nhiều quốc gia khác nhau." translates to "My friends come from many different countries."

Word Variants

• "các" is often used in combination with other words to form phrases, such as:
  • "các bạn" (friends, peers)
  • "các em" (younger siblings or younger people)

Different Meanings

• As a verb, "các" can mean to "pay the difference" in a trade-in context.
  • Example: "các thêm năm chục đồng để đổi xe đạp cũ lấy xe mới" means "to pay the difference of 50 dong to trade in one's old bicycle for a new one."

Synonyms

• For the meaning "every" or "all," some synonyms include:
  • "tất cả" (all, everything)
  • "mọi" (every, all)

Additional Notes

• While "các" is primarily used for plural nouns, it can be combined with other words to convey various meanings or nuances.
• In some contexts, "các" can also imply a sense of variety or diversity among the items referred to.

Academic

adv (dùng phụ trước danh từ)

1. Every, all
   • đủ các loại khác nhau
     every variety, all and sundry

verb

1. To pay the difference (in a trade-in), to give in compensation
   • các thêm năm chục đồng để đổi xe đạp cũ lấy xe mới
     to pay the difference of 50 dong to trade in one's old bicycle for a new one
   • trả tiền các
     to pay the difference
   • các vàng cũng không làm
     I won't do it even for a compensation in gold; nothing doing. I won't do it