đùn

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The Vietnamese word "đùn" can be understood in a few different contexts, mainly relating to the idea of pushing out or up from below. Here’s a detailed breakdown of its meanings and uses:

Basic Meaning:

1. Push Out / Push Up: The primary meaning of "đùn" is to push something out or to push it up from below. This can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Usage Instructions:

• "Đùn" is often used with nouns that imply something being pushed up or out, such as soil, smoke, or even responsibilities.

Examples:

• Literal Use:

  • "Giun đùn đất" translates to "worms push up earth," which describes how worms can push soil to the surface.
  • "Khói đùn từ mặt đất lên" means "smoke coiled up from the earth," describing how smoke rises from the ground.

• Figurative Use:

  • "Đùn việc khó cho người khác" translates to "to shift the hard work to someone else," meaning to pass on difficult tasks or responsibilities to another person.

• Colloquial Use:

  • "Cũn nói ỉa đùn" is a playful way to say "to shit oneself," often used in a humorous context, particularly referring to children.

Advanced Usage:

• In a more advanced context, "đùn" can be used metaphorically to describe situations where a person avoids responsibility or shifts blame. For instance:
  • "Anh ấy luôn đùn trách nhiệm cho người khác" means "He always shifts the responsibility to others."

Word Variants:

• While "đùn" itself is a standalone verb, it can be used with different nouns to create phrases that convey specific meanings, like "đùn đất" (pushing up earth) or "đùn khói" (pushing out smoke).

Different Meanings:

• The word can take on different nuances based on context:
  • Physical Action: Referring to something being physically pushed up or out.
  • Responsibility: In a figurative sense, it refers to the act of passing on responsibilities or tasks to others.
  • Childish Humor: Used in playful contexts, especially among children or in informal conversations.

Synonyms:

• For the meaning of pushing out or up, synonyms include "đẩy" (to push).
• For the meaning of shifting responsibility, you might use "chuyển" (to transfer) or "trách" (to blame).

Academic

1. Push out, push up (from below)
   • Giun đùn đất
     Worms push up earth
   • Khói đùn từ mặt đất lên
     Smoke coiled up from the earth
2. Pass the buck, shift the responsibility (of some hard job)
   • Đùn việc khó cho người khác
     To shift to another person
   • cũn nói ỉa đùn
     Shit oneself (of chindren)