hạ

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The Vietnamese word "hạ" has multiple meanings and can be used in different contexts. Here’s a simple breakdown to help you understand and use it effectively.

Meanings and Usage

1. As a Noun: Summer

   • Meaning: In this context, "hạ" refers to the summer season.
   • Example: "Mùa hạ ở Việt Nam rất nóng." (The summer in Vietnam is very hot.)

2. As a Verb: To Lower or Take Down

   • Meaning: "Hạ" can mean to lower something physically or metaphorically.
   • Example: "Hạ cờ" means "to lower the flag."

3. To Reduce Cost

   • Phrase: "Hạ giá" means "to lower the price."
   • Example: "Cửa hàng này hạ giá sản phẩm." (This store lowers the prices of products.)

4. To Put Forth or Send

   • Example: "Hạ quyết tâm" means "to put forth a pledge or determination."
   • Example: "Hạ quyết tâm chiến thắng." (To pledge to win.)

5. To Defeat an Opponent

   • Phrase: "Hạ được địch thủ" means "to defeat an opponent."
   • Example: "Đội bóng của tôi đã hạ được địch thủ." (My team has defeated the opponent.)

6. To Humble or Abase

   • Phrase: "Hạ tánh kiêu căng của ai" means "to humble someone's pride."
   • Example: "Anh ấy đã hạ tánh kiêu căng của mình." (He has humbled his pride.)

Advanced Usage

• Hạ mức: This means to lower a standard or level. For example, "Hạ mức yêu cầu" (to lower the requirements).
• Hạ quyết định: This means to make a decision. For example, "Tôi đã hạ quyết định sẽ đi du lịch." (I have decided to travel.)

Word Variants

• Hạ thấp: To lower or diminish something.
• Hạ mình: To humble oneself or lower oneself in status.

Different Meanings

While "hạ" primarily conveys ideas of lowering, reducing, or the summer season, its meaning can shift based on context. For example: - In a military context, it can mean to defeat (as in hạ địch). - In a social context, it can imply humbling oneself or someone else.

Synonyms

• For "to lower": giảm (to decrease).
• For "to defeat": đánh bại (to beat).
• For "summer": mùa hè (the hot season).

Summary

The word "hạ" is versatile in Vietnamese, serving as both a noun and a verb, with various meanings depending on the context.

Academic

noun

1. summer

verb

1. to lower; to take down
   • hạ giá
     to lower cost; to put forth ; to send
   • hạ quyết tâm
     to put forth a pledge to defeat; to win
   • hạ được địch thủ
     to defeat an opponent to humble; to abase
   • hạ tánh kiêu căng của ai
     to humble someone's pride