dưới

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The Vietnamese word "dưới" primarily means "under" or "below." It is used to describe a position that is lower than something else or to indicate a location beneath something.

Basic Usage:

1. Position: "dưới" can indicate something that is physically lower than another object.

   • Example: "Con mèo ở dưới bàn." (The cat is under the table.)

2. Hierarchy: It can refer to a lower rank or position in a social or organizational context.

   • Example: "Anh ấy là người cấp dưới của tôi." (He is my subordinate.)

3. Location: It can also be used in contexts where something is below a certain line or level.

   • Example: "Nhiệt độ dưới 0 độ." (The temperature is below 0 degrees.)

Advanced Usage:

• "Dưới" can be used metaphorically to indicate inferiority or a lesser quality.

  • Example: "Sản phẩm này dưới tiêu chuẩn." (This product is below the standard.)

• In literary or philosophical contexts, "dưới" might be used to discuss concepts or states of being, such as "dưới chế độ phong kiến" (under feudalism).

Word Variants:

• Dưới đây: This phrase means "below here" or "the following." It is often used when presenting information or lists.
  • Example: "Dưới đây là những điểm chính." (Below are the main points.)

Different Meanings:

• "Dưới" can also mean "low" or "lower" when referring to levels, such as in performance or quality.
  • Example: "Điểm số của tôi dưới trung bình." (My score is below average.)

Synonyms:

• Phía dưới: Literally means "the side below," used in similar contexts.
• Bên dưới: Means "beside below," also indicates something that is underneath or lower than something else.

Summary:

"Dưới" is a versatile word in Vietnamese used to indicate physical positions, hierarchies, and levels of quality.

Academic

1. Under; below
   • dưới chế độ phong kiến
     Under fewdalism Low lower; inferior
   • người cấp dưới
     An inferior In
   • đi dưới mưa
     to walk in the rain